Python NumPy random module
The NumPy random is a module help to generate random numbers.
Import NumPy random module
import numpy as np # import numpy package
import random # import random module
np.random.random()
This function generates float value between 0.0 to 1.0 and returns ndarray if you will give shape.
rd_num = np.random.random(1)
rd_2D_array = np.random.random((3,3))
print(rd_num)
print(rd_2D_array)
Output >>>
[0.4698348]
[[0.17440905, 0.66151053, 0.66339827],
[0.88763943, 0.8709484 , 0.06250261],
[0.09760232, 0.05503074, 0.55680254]]
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np.random.randint()
The random integer function generates single random integer number from given range and if the shape will give then return ndarray.
rd_no = np.random.randint(1,4)
rd_2D_arr = np.random.randint(1,4, (4,4))
rd_3D_arr = np.random.randint(1,4, (2,4,4))
print(rd_no)
print(rd_2D_arr)
print(rd_3D_arr)
np.random.seed()
The random module generates random number but next time you want to generate the same number then seed() will help.
np.random.seed(10)
rd_3D_arr = np.random.randint(1,4, (2,4,4))
print(rd_3D_arr)
Output >>>
[[[2, 2, 1, 1],
[2, 1, 2, 2],
[1, 2, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 1, 3]],
[[1, 3, 1, 1],
[1, 3, 1, 3],
[3, 2, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 3, 2]]]
Nex time generate the same 3D array using the same seed value (10).
np.random.seed(10)
rd_3D_arr = np.random.randint(1,4, (2,4,4))
print(rd_3D_arr)
Output >>>
[[[2, 2, 1, 1],
[2, 1, 2, 2],
[1, 2, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 1, 3]],
[[1, 3, 1, 1],
[1, 3, 1, 3],
[3, 2, 1, 1],
[3, 2, 3, 2]]]
Note: The seed function accepts value up to 2^32 -1 (4294967295).
np.random.rand()
The rand() function work like random() but it accept shape and return ndarray which contain random values between 0.0 to 1.0.
arr_2D = np.random.rand(3,3) # return 3 x 3 matrix
print(arr_2D)
Output >>>
[[0.58390137, 0.18263144, 0.82608225],
[0.10540183, 0.28357668, 0.06556327],
[0.05644419, 0.76545582, 0.01178803]]
np.random.randn()
The randn() function work like rand() function but it reurn samples of standerd normalise distribution value.
arr_2D = np.random.randn(3,3)
print(arr_2D)
Output >>>
[[-1.58494101, 1.05535316, -1.92657911],
[ 0.69858388, -0.74620143, -0.15662666],
[-0.19363594, 1.13912535, 0.36221796]]
np.random.choice()
If you have sequence values and want to get random single value then the random choice() function is the best choice.
x = [1,2,3,4] # list
choice_from_x = np.random.choice(x) # retun random single item from sequence
print(choice_from_x )
Output >>>
1
Let’s try to get the number of choice from sequence x using for loop.
for i in range(20):
print(np.random.choice(x))
Output >>>
2
1
4
1
1
3
1
3
3
1
4
2
1
4
2
3
3
2
3
3
np.random.permutation()
If you want to generate some permutation of sequence then use random permutation() function.
x_permute = np.random.permutation(x)
print(x_permute)
Output >>>
[2, 3, 4, 1]
Learn more about random sampling then click here